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This brief commentary discusses factors that need to be considered in selecting and applying probiotics in aquaculture, especially those applied via feed. Environmental conditions in the pond and feed manufacturing have an impact on selection of aqua feed probiotics. Also, strains incorporated into feed pellet might reach the gastrointestinal tracts in a dormant stage, and not in the vegetative state, which means they would not produce inhibitory compounds immediately upon reaching the gut. However, they might still be able to compete with other bacteria for adhesion sites or act as immunostimulant. Furthermore, some of them would also be released in the environment, via the shrimp feces, where they would perform their functions of bioremediation (e.g. waste degradation) or biocontrol (e.g. competition with Vibrio spp.).
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